RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate
RTS,S is the world’s most clinically advanced malaria vaccine candidate. Its early development, beginning in the 1980s, was undertaken by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals in close collaboration with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. In January 2001, GSK and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI)—with grant money from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to MVI—entered into a public-private partnership to develop the vaccine for use in infants and young children in sub-Saharan Africa.
In May 2009, RTS,S began large-scale Phase 3 clinical testing, typically one of the last steps before regulatory approval. The study involves 11 clinical trial sites in seven African countries – Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. The trial completed enrollment in January 2011, with a total of 15,460 confirmed participants. Initial results from the study are expected in late 2011 with the final analysis anticipated in late 2014.
Data from previous studies indicate, among other things, that RTS,S may cut the number of episodes of malaria in young children by about half.
If all goes well in Phase 3 testing, the World Health Organization has indicated that a policy recommendation for RTS,S is possible as early as 2015, paving the way for countries to make a decision about possible implementation of a vaccine through their Expanded Program on Immunization.
Fact sheets
- RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (432 KB PDF)
- Phase 3 trial of the RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (243 KB PDF)
- Preparing for a future malaria vaccine in Africa: The Malaria Vaccine Decision-Making Framework (186 KB PDF)
- Researching and addressing community perceptions of vaccines and malaria (205 KB PDF)
Press releases
- Phase 3 malaria vaccine trial begins—final testing of RTS,S
- World's largest malaria vaccine trial now underway in seven African countries
- PATH welcomes positive steps on price, donations for GlaxoSmithKline's RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate
- The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative congratulates GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and Crucell on new malaria vaccine collaboration
- An expert panel of African scientists will discuss the status of the world's most advanced malaria vaccine candidate at the Malaria Vaccines for the World conference
Articles
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Aide P et al. Safety, immunogenicity and duration of protection of the RTS,S/AS02(D) malaria vaccine: one year follow-up of a randomized controlled phase I/IIb trial. PLoS One. 2010 Nov 4;5(11):e13838.
- Ballou W, Cahill C. Two decades of commitment to malaria vaccine development: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Dec;77(6 Suppl):289-95.
- Bejon, P et al. Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E vaccine against malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age. NEJM 2008;359:2521-32.
- Casares S, Brumeanu TD, Richie TL. The RTS,S malaria vaccine. Vaccine. 2010 Jul 12;28(31):4880-94. Epub 2010 May 27.
- Cohen J, Benns S, Vekemans J, Leach A. The malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS is in phase III clinical trials. Ann Pharm Fr. 2010 Nov;68(6):370-9. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
- Cohen J, Nussenzweig V, Vekemans J, Leach A. From the circumsporozoite protein to the RTS, S/AS candidate vaccine. Hum Vaccin. 2010 Jan;6(1):90-6. Epub 2010 Jan 30.
- Lusingu J, et al. Safety of the malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S/AS01E in 5 to 17 month old Kenyan and Tanzanian children. PLoS One. 2010 Nov 29;5(11):e14090.
- Vekemans J, Ballou W. Malaria vaccines in development. Exp Rev Vaccines 2008;7(2):223-40.
- Vekemans J, Leach A, Cohen J. Development of the RTS,S/AS Malaria Candidate Vaccine. Vaccine, Volume 27, Supplement 6, 30 December 2009, Pages G67-G71.
